Certificate of Origin Fraud in Global Trade Documents
A certificate of origin decides tariffs, trade benefits, and sanctions compliance — high-value reasons to forge it. The two shapes of origin fraud, and how to catch each.
The Two-Invoice Trade: Customs Undervaluation and the Paper That Hides It
Undervalued commercial invoices dodge duties, launder value, and expose importers to seizure. How the double-invoice game works and how compliance teams catch it in the paper.